Smart-Grid-Enabled Distributed Reactive Power Support with Conservation of Voltage Reduction
As solar energy continues to increase in the current power grid, the reactive power support capability from photovoltaic grid-tie inverters may be used to regulate feeder voltage and reduce system losses on medium- and low-voltage distribution systems. The focus of this thesis is to develop a smart-grid-enabled control algorithm that will determine the amount of reactive power injection or absorption required at each node to minimize the deviation from the control voltage level. Once the voltage level is achieved, implementing conservation of voltage reduction (CVR) further benefits the system by increasing energy savings. Generally, reactive power support occurs at the substation level, whereas with the communication advantages and system feedback provided by smart-grid devices such as residential smart meters, it facilitates an extensive reactive power support scheme that reaches all the way to the end-users. The method is tested on a modified IEEE 13 node feeder system assuming piecewise steady state operating conditions, full knowledge of the system states, and two-way communication between the control center and the end-users in the distribution systems. The control algorithms are modeled in MATLAB and the simulations are performed in OpenDSS using the same system to validate the results.
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